Pulverizer



(o Model.) v 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. C. LA DOW.

- PULVERIZBR. No. 404,291. Patented MayZ, 1889.

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` 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. C. LA DOW.

PULVBRIZEB..

(No Model.)

No. 404,291. Patented May 28, 1889.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES LA DOV, OF ALBANY, NEV YORK.

PULVERIZER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 404,291, dated May 28, 1889.

Application iiled January 6, 1887. Serial No. 223,616. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES LA DOW, of the city of Albany, county of Albany, State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Pulverizers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to pulverizers having opposing gan gs of cutters revolving across the line of draft.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a top view of my invention, in which the gangs are composed of solid sheets of metal twisted spirally; also, showing by dotted lines that the draft devices maybe reversed on the journal-bearings of the gangs. Fig. 2 represents a rear view of Fig. l, showing by dotted lines the vertical vibration of the inner ends of the gangs when coupled as shown in Figs. l and 2, and also represents my method of providing room for the buffers between the inner ends of the gangs, while bringing the cuttingedges of the inner ends of the gangs into such proximity as will practically leave no earth unworked between the gangs. Fig. 3 represents an end view of my invention, showing by dotted lines that the seat-bar is hinged to and may vibrate up and down on the draftpole; also showing by full and dotted lines.

the positions to which the pendent seat-support may be adjusted relatively to the center draw-bar, C; also showing by dotted lines the vertical vibration of the cutters and the position of the draw-bar C when reversed. Figs. 4 and 5 represent a top and rear view of my invention, in which spiral strip-cutters are mounted upon each other, so as to form two' opposing gangs of right and left hand screwcutters, adapted to abutdirectly against each other to counteract their end-thrust, substantially in line with that part of the gang where the end-thrust is created, (through the dotted lines indicated by the arrows iu Fig. 5,) the end-thrust being received on the wheel r at the points F F in said Fig. 5. Fig-6 is an ond view of the outer end of one gang. In these figures the gangs are capable of dropping below a straight line at their inner ends, as shown in dot-ted lines in Figs. v5 and 6. Fig. 7 represents a detail top view of the inner ends of the gangs, the arrow in full line indicating the direction in which the gangs are drawn when it is designed that the opposing cutters shall cut up and pulverize the soil, and the arrow in dotted line indicating the reverse direction in which the machine is drawn when it is desired to draw the gangs of cutters over the ground without cutting it up. Fig. 8 represents by full lines sections of those portions of the blades (of both right and left hand gangs) which rest on the ground and do the work of cutting up the soil, in which figure it will be seen that the blades are set dishing,'(or at an angle vertically,) with those in one gang set with an opposite dish or pitch to those in the other gang. Figs. 9 and 10 are sections of the gang twisted out of sheet metal, but in such form as shall give the cuttingblades substantially the same vertical dish or pitch as given to the spiral strip-blades, as shown in Fig. 8. The gangs, when made of sheet metal and twisted, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10, are made right and left hand, so as to counteract the sidethrust of each other. Fig. 11 shows a sectional view of the inner ends of the gangs and their buffer-rings; also the forked rear end of the draw-bar C and the wheel r for receiving the end-thrust of the buffer-rings at the lower sides of the rings and as near in the direct line of the side-thrust as can be without carrying the buffer-rings so low as to retard the cutters of the inner ends of the gangs from entering the soil sufficiently. This view also shows that the web (which is attached to the buffer-rings) is concaved inward from its fellow, in order to adlnit of the rear end of the draw-bar C and its wheelsupporting devices being maintained between the inner ends of the gangs without spreading the opposing cutters of the gangs farther apart than shall give them room in which to revolve without interfering with the draw-bar C, as it is very important that the cutters of one gang shall revolve in close proximity to the cutters of its fellow gang. Fig. 12 represents a view of the inner end of one gang, a side View of the draw-bar C and the angle thereon, carrying a wheel for receiving the side-thrusts of the lower side of the buffer-rings 7i of each gang, which abut against said wheel on opposite sides thereof, respectively.

In the drawings, in Figs. l, 2, and 3 A is the pole; B B, the gangs of sheet-nietal cutters; C, the draw-bar connecting the inner ends of the gangs to the pole in such manner that said inner ends may have vertical vibration; D D', the hounds; G, the center box for coupling the buffers o o together; R, the socket for hinging the seat-bar to the pole, and R theI seatsocket for holding the seatbar when the pole is turned upside down for reversing the action of the cutters and drawing the gangs in theopposite direction; d d, the pendent hanger for transmitting thedrivers weight directly to the inner ends of the gangs; n n, notches in the draw-bar C for preventing the pendent hanger from slipping lengthwise ofA the draw-bar and to regulate the amount of weight imparted by the driver. 'nt m are hamnienstraps on opposite sides of the pole. t t are the Vouter journal-bearings.

In the drawings shown in Figs. 4, 5, (j, 7, 9, IO, 11, and 12 the gangs are represented by letters B B; C, the draw-bar, which terminates in a draft-hook, in.. 7L h are blil't'errings having contact at F F with the wheel lr for counteraeting the end-thrusts of the gangs abutting directly against each other at their inner ends through their medium vr. w is a web attached to each imiter-ring, the projections o't the web beyond the circumference of the bu iter-rin gs being riveted to the spiral strip-cutters in the mann( r shown in Figs. 4, 5, (i, '7, 1l, and l2.

The buil'er-rings may be attached to the sheet-metal gangs, as shown in Figs l and 2, in the same manner as attached to gangs made from spiral strips of metal.

It will be observed that the web 'w is concaved in one gang in a direction opposite to the concave in its fellow gang, the draw-har C, its hubs u n, the bifurcated elbow or angle, and the wheel lr, operatin g between said concaved web. The end-thrust of the gangs causes the lower side ofthe buiteisrings to abut closely against the wheel i at F F and revolve said wheel, so that it is in eitect an antit`riction wheel. The thickness of the wheel fills the space between the adjacent bottoni sides of the butter-ring, so that the center of the gangs will not rise unduly, as the wheel 0 acts as a fulcruin against the pin 0 and prevents such movement, thus adapting the inner ends of the gangs to level a ridge and divide the earth and turn the same in opposite directions. The gangs can drop at their inner ends, as shown by dotted lines f1] {1/ in Fig. 5, in which position they will cut into the bottom of the furrow or other depression; but in all cases the gangs cut so close at their inner ends that no furrow or ridge is left unworked between them.

By referring to the drawings, in Fig. l it will be seen that the gangs B B are formed of sheet metal, and are also recessed at their inner ends'for the reception of the buiers, which in said figures are attached directly to the journal-pins on which the gangs revolve,

so that the result of bringing the inner ends of the cutter-gangs of sheet metal close together and yet leave room for buitermeehanism between said gangs is the same as when the gangs are composed of spiral strip-cutters. Vhen the gangs abut in line with their axles, as shown in Figs. l., 2, and 3, they are tree to vibrate both up and down at theirinner ends, and as the side-thrusts of the soil against the screw-faces of the cutters tend to lift the inner ends of the gangs and to cause them to cut deepest at their outer ends I overcome said defect by a hanger (pendent from the scat-bar) which rests upon the draw-bar C, and thereby prevents the draw-bar from rising above the height desired. rlhe vertical movenient of the rear end of said draw-bar may be regulated by varyin g the position of the pendent hanger either angularl y, as shown in dotted lilies, or by varying its position by the holes in the upper end thereof. Its lower end may be engaged with any ot' the notches in the draiwbar, or said bar maybe left without notches. It willbe observed by reference to dotted lines in Fig. fi that the seat-bar is hinged to and may vibrate vertically in its socket on the pole, in order to permit the inner ends of the gangs to rise considerably should a stone or ridge be encountered. \Vhen the butter-rings are used, this pendenthan ger may be omitted, as said rings having contact at their bottom ends et'tcctually prevent the inner ends ot' the gangs from rising unduly. The seat-bar is hinged to its socket in a way that permits the seat to be readily removed. when the pole is to be turned over and insei ted into a similar socket which is att-ached to the opposite side of the pole. rlhe seat unhinged and withdrawn 'from the socket R, the pole and frame thrown over, as shown in dotted lines in Figs. .l and 23, and the seat inserted into socket R', for the purpose which I will now describe.

So far as known to nre, in harrows having two opposing independentl y-revolvin g gangs of cutters it has always been customary and necessary to set the opposing gangs at oblique angles to the drat't'and to each other, in order to cause them to enter the ground su'llieiently. to eut up and pulverize the same; but in my invention, as exhibited in all the figures, I place the opposing and independently-revolving gangs of cutters in line with each other, and at a right angle to the draft, and so form the cutters that they have within themselves the proper angle to turn fui-rows when they are drawn forward in a certain direction, the opposing right and left hand spirals causing the cut-,ters to enter the ground, and the vertical pitch or dish of the spirals further aiding this result.

By reference to Fig. 7 it will be seen that the arrows in full lines indicate the direction in which these spiral gangs should be drawn to cause them to enter the earth, as the spiral blades ot' one gang, when drawn `forward in that directiomtorm one haltl oli' the sharpened IOO IIO

IIS

, seat-bar.

vends of a series of wedges, and the opposing' spirals in the other gang in effect form other halves of the said sharpened ends of the wedges, causing each gang to have great suction when drawn forward, as shown, so as to enter the ground deep and stir and turn it thoroughly.

No provision is made in this invention for setting the cutters at angles to each other, and instead of such usual method, heretofore employed in revolving` harrows to make the cutters enter the ground or roll over it without cutting it up, I shape the spiral cutters in my invention in such form that when the draft is applied from the position shown by the arrow in dotted lines in Fig. 7 those portions of the gangs in contact with the ground will then present the blunt ends of a series of wedges, and the vertical pitch of the cutters, which before presented to the draft aform .which created suction when brought into contact with the soil, now presents to the draft a series of revolving runners having convex surfaces which ride on top of the earth without cutting it up. This result I obtain by reversing the draft-pole or draft-frame, preferably by throwing it over, as shown; but the i draft devices may be reversed in other Ways. Vhen the draft-frame is provided with a seat, it is desirable that the seat should be on top of said frame, and therefore I provide a way for reversing the seat when the frame is turned upside down. If the frame be turned around laterally, and its direction thus reversed, of

.course the seat maybe turned with it. When the seat is reversed, as shown in Fig. 3, the pendent hanger may be folded close to the The draft-pole is arranged for receiving the whifl'letrees on opposite sides of the pole, and the neck-yoke tip is equipped with a holdback on opposite. sides of the pole.

The buffers, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, may be omitted, and the buffer-rings and wheel, as shown in Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, and 12, may be used with the gangs, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3.

The form of draftframe shown in Figs.

4, 5, and 6 may be used With solid spiral gangs, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2; but in every case I prefer to set the cutting portions of the blade at a vertical pitch or dish, as shown in Figs. 8 and 10.

The buffer-rings h have each a web, w, attached to them, and said webs are each concaved, as heretofore described, and they project beyond the rings to afford a means for attaching the rings to the blades by rivets, as shown. The center of each web is connected to the draw-bar C by a bolt, o. The rear end of the draw-bar has an angle, preferably bifurcated and bent downward for the reception of a wheel, r, which should be a trifle thicker in cross-section than the drawbar C. The buffer-rings at their lower sides abut against this wheel and revolve it between them. This wheel r receives the endthrust of each gang substantially in line with A the port-ions of the cutters which receive the end-thrust direct from the soil, preventing wear of the revolving parts and enabling the gangs of this machine to remain iiexible, so as to vibrate at their inner ends without being unduly raised by the end-thrust caused by the contact with the soil. The recess may be omitted and the wheel be made of any size desired.

It is unnecessaryto set these gangs at angles with each other; but such may be done if desired, and then the wheel rwill have contact with the front sides of the buffer-rings. I preferto set the gangs in line with each other and form the proper angle in the cutters themselves, and thus avoid leaving such space unworked between the gangs as must necessarily he left in all machines where revolving gangs of cutters are set at angles to each other. I

In other applications filed by me (Serial No. 221,401, filed December 13, 1886;,Serial No. 223,202, filed January 3, 1887, and Serial No. 240,672, filed June 8, 1887) I have shown machines somewhat analogous to that herein illustrated, and I hereby disclaim in this case any subject-matter claimed in said applications.

Having described my invention, I claim- 1. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame, in combination with two independently-revolving opposing spiral cuttersL set in substantially a straight line with each other and adapted to turn furrows from each other as the implement is drawn forward.

2. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame, in combination with two independently-revolving and opposing spiral cutters adapted to cut and turn furrows in the soil when said cutters are set in line with each other.

3. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame, in combination with two spiral cutters, B B', adapted to revolve independently of each other, said cutterblades being adapted to enter the earth in substantially the position shown in Figs. 8 and .10 of the drawings.

4. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame, in combination with two independently-revolving and opposing spiral cutters, the blades of each cutter being supported by their ends only and shaped to have both horizontal angle and vertical pitch within themselves.

5. In a pulverizer, two spiral cutters adapted to oppose each other, in combination with a reversible draft-frame.

6. In a pulverizer, two cutters adapted to oppose each other, in combination with the frame D 'D' and bar C, said frame being adapted to be reversed on its journal-bearings.

7. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame, in combination with two opposing spiral cutters adapted to vibrate vertically at their inner ends.

8. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame, in combination with two independently revolving spiral cutters adapted to turn furrows when set in linewith each other, and adapted to IOO IIO

abut directly against each other at their inner ends.

9. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame, in combination with two independently-revolvin g spiral cutters recessed at their inner ends, substantially as shown.

l0. In a pulverizer, adraft-frame, in combination with two independently-revolvin g spiral cutters adapted to turn furrows when drawn forward in one direction, and to roll over the ground without cutting it up when drawn backward,or in the opposite direction.

1l. In apulverizer, a draft-frame,in combination with two shaftless or hollow spiral cutters arranged on opposite sides of a central draft-line, the blades of one cutter opposing the blades of the other, so as to cut and divide the soil and turn it outward from between the cutters when the machine is drawn in one direction, and adapted to roll over the soil without cutting it up when the machine is drawn backward in the opposite direction.

l2. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame, in combination with two revolving shaftless or hollow spiral cutters, the blades of one cutter being adapted to present an opposing angular and vertical pitch relatively to the other cutter, so as to create suction when revolved forward against the soil, and adapted to present a convex surface to the soil when revolved backward in the opposite direction.

13. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame and'two gangs of cutters connected therewith, with the inner cutting-edges of the gangs in close proximity to each other, the inner ends of said gangs being formed with recesses extending into the gangs beyond their cuttingedges, in combination with mechanism located within said recesses and adapted to couple the inner ends of the gangs together.

l-t. In a pulverizer, the bar D D', or equivalent thereof, two cutters, and the bar C, or equivalent center connect-ion, in combination with an angular or downward projection attached to the center connection and adapted to limit the vertical movement -of the inner ends of t-he cutters.

l5. In a pulverizer, the bars D D', or equivalent thereof, two cutters, aud the bar C, or equivalent center connection, in combination with an angle or downward projection attached to the center connection,with the wheel o' mounted on said projection.

1G. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame, in combination with shaftless or hollow spiral cutters mounted upon each other in such manner as to have horizontal angles and vertical pitch within themselves.

17. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame and two spiral cutters, in combination with the bufferrings 71` 7L, or equivalent mechanism, adapted to counteract the side-thrusts of both cutters between their inner ends and at a point below the center of their revolution.

I8. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame and two vibrating cutters adapted to oppose each other, in combination with mechanism 1ocated and acting between the inner ends of the cutters in the same vertical plane as the cutters for limiting the vertical vibration of said cutters.

19. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame and two independently-revolvin g cutters, in combination with a wheel located between the inner ends of said cutters and adapted to have contact therewith on opposite sides of said wheel.

20. In a pulverizer, two cutters and a draftframe attached to the outer ends of said cutters, in combination with a center coupling adapted to have contact at two points with the inner end of each cutter.

2l. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame and two cutters, in combination with the buffer-rings 7L 7L, each ring being' fastened toits cutter at two points.

22. In a pulverizcr, spiral cutters having continuous cutting-edges revolving independently of each other, and a draft-frame attached to the outer end of each cutter, in combination with a center coupling for the cutters, which permits the cutting-blades of one cutter to revolve in close proximity to the blades of its fellow cutter.

23. In a pulverizer, a spiral cutter, in combination with the buffer-ring t and web w.

24. As a new article of manufacture, a spiral cutter twisted from sheet metal, so as to form solid blades that are concave or dishing in cross-section, substantially as shown in Fig. lO.

25. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame, in combination with two independently-revolving opposing spiral cutters, whose action can. be reversed by applying the draft of the anilnals in opposite directions relatively to said entters.

2G. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame, twO vertically-vibratin g cutters flexibly connected at their inner ends, and a seat adj ustably hinged to the draft-frame, in combination with. mechanism for applying more or less of the weight of the driver directly to the inner ends of the cutters for limiting their vertical vibrations.

27. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame, two vertically-vibrating independently-rotating cutters arranged on opposite sides of the centraldraft line, and a seat hinged to the draftframe, in combination with adjustable mechanism attached to the seat by means of which the pressure of the drivers weight upon the inner ends of the cutters can be varied.

28. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame adapted to be reversed by turning it upside down, two cutters, and a seat for the driver mounted on the draft-frame,in combination with suitable seat-supporting devices which are adapted to maintain the seat upon opposite sides of the draft-frame.

29. In a pulverizer, a draft-frame with two gangs of cutters connected therewith with their inner cutting-edges in close proximity to each other, the inner ends of the gangs having recesses extending into them beyond IOO IIC

ITS

the inner cutting-edges 0f the gangs, in comcounteract the side-thrust of the saine, the 1o bination With mechanism located Within said thrust of the gangs being imparted to or rerecesses adapted to counteract or receive the ceived by said Wheel mechanism at a point side-thrusts of the gangs. thereon outside of its center of revolution.

30. In a pulverizer, two gangs 0f cutters ,f and a draft-frame attached to til-ie outer ends CHARLES LA DO thereof, in combination with independentiy- Witnesses: revolving wheel mechanism located between SPENCER C. RODGERS, the inner ends of the gangs and adapted to JAMES M. RUSO. 

